Apparatus for the transforming of heat



Jan. 15, 1929.

- R. w. DAVENPORT APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSFORMING OF HEAT Filed May 5, 1926 INVEN 70R.

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latented 1929. i

UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

RANSOH W. DAVENPORT, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO CHICAGO PNEUMATIC IOOL COMPANY, OF NEW YORK; N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

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Application filed Kay 5,

This invention relates to heat transforming apparatus, and more particularly to apparatus which is adapted and intended for use with the lubricating working substances of the type disclosed and claimed. in my oopending application, Serial No. 60,311-filed October 3, 1925. x

One object of the invention is to prov de apparatus which will successfully utihze lubricating working substances in the transv forming of heat. Another ob ect is to provide such apparatus operating with the crank case of the compressor at approxlmately atmospheric pressure. Another object is to utilize the crank case of the coinpressor as a part of the refrigerant circuit. Other objects will be. apparent from .the detailed description which follows:

The single figure of the drawing represents somewhat diagrammatically a refrigerating system of the closed cycle type, certain parts of which are shown in section.

The embodiment ofthe invention chosen for the purpose of illustration consists essentially of an evaporator or refrigerating element 1 intended to be mounted in a refrigerating compartment diagrammatically indicated at A, a pump or compressor 2, a condenser 3, and a suitable feeding or expansion device 4 for regulating the passage of condensed refrigerant into evaporator 1. The parts specified are connected as indicated to -form a closed cycle system utilizing a lubricating refrigerant such as described in my copending application, Serial No. 60,311, filed October 3, 1925 and operating in general in accordance with the process disclosed in my copending application, Serial No. 85,580, filed February 2nd, '1926.

To effect the necessary concentration of the working substance to enable it to. be used for lubricating purposes, evaporator 1- is provided, with a concentrating chamber 1 arranged to be disposed at the top of the refrigerating compartment A. The inlet 1 to the concentrating chamber and the outlet connection 5 to compressor 2 are so disposed as to permit a body of lubricating refrigerant to remain in chamber 1 while the more volatileportions thereof vaporize. v The vaporized refrigerant and a part of concentrated lubricant mixture are drawn from chamber 1 by the action of compressor 2 throu h inlet valve 2 into the piston chamber o the compressor, whence they are dis- 1926. Serial No. 106,825.

charged at a higher temperature and pressure through a'dlscharge valve 2". in the compressor piston into crank case 2. As the concentrated lubricant mixture is splashed about in .the crank case to lubricate the moving parts of the compressor, some of it enters methylene chloride) in evaporator 1 and into the concentrating chamber 1". Upon starting the compressor 2, some of the refrigerant is carried over into the crank case, diluting the lubricant therein. This dilu- ,tion continues down to a certain concentration dependent upon the temperature in the crank case; the warmer the temperature, the less is the dilution. When the mixture in the crank case becomes constant (usually comprising 15 to 20% of vaselene) which may require ,the addition of more refrigerant fromtime to time, the mixture in the crank case begins to overflow or to be splashed into conduit 6 whence it passes into condenser 3 and is diluted by the condensate ofthe refrigerating vapor down to a liquid mixture containing perhaps 3% of vaselene. The mixture then passes through the-expansion device 4 into evaporator l where it begins to concentrate as the refrigerant is vaporized. The concentrating liquid rises through evaporator 1 and overflows through inlet pipe 1' into the concentrating chamber 1 where it lies quiescent and is subjected to ,the action of compressor 2 and to the highest temperature in. refrigerating chamber A which causes the, more volatile parts thereof to vaporize. There the mixture reaches a highly concentrated state and gradually passes along with the vaporized refrigerant through connection 5; Before dilution can occur the concentrated lubricantmixture is discharged into crank case 2, thus coinpletin the circuit;

rom the above it will be apparent that the mixture concentrated in the refrigerating zone, as in chamber 1", is taken directly into the cylinder of the compressor and discharged therefrom directly into the crank case at a higher temperature and pressure,

and since the temperature rises with the pressure the concentration is not readily al- ,tered so that the mixture in crank case 2 remains sufiiciently viscous to serve as lubri- I -lubr1cat1ng refrigerant, an evaporator havcant. It is, of course, desirable to operate means may be used for this purpose.

the compressor with the crank case warm to prevent condensation of-the refrigerant vapor and an undue dilution of ,the mixture in the crank case, and any known or desired The above described arrangement ofi'ers an'additionaladvantage when the Working substance contains a gaseous incondensible component operating in accordance with the process described and claimed in my oopendmg application, Serial No. 15,172, filed March 12, 1925, since the high side pressure of such a system closely approximates atmospheric pressure and leakage from the crank case is greatly reduced and readily controlled.

While one form of the invention has herein shown and described, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited ,to the specific details thereof but covers all changes, modifications and adaptations within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention: 1. In a heat transforming system of the closed cycle type utilizing a lubricating,

working substance, in combination, an evaporator having means for permitting concentration of the lubricating component of.

the working substance, a compressor having a crank case, and means whereby the compressor withdraws the working substanceboth as vaporand as concentrated liquid.

from said evaporator and discharges the same into said crank case. 1

2. In a heat transforming system of the closed cycle type utilizing working substance, in combination, an evaporator providing a plurality of evaporating bodies arranged to permit. concentration of the lubricating component of the working substance, a compressor having a crank case, a connection from said evaporator to .the

inlet of said compressor arranged to pass.

been

- orator thereby to a lubricating I ingmeans for permitting concentration of the lubricating component of the working substance, a compressor having a crank case, means by which said compressor withdraws "vapor from said evaporator along with con-' centrated lubricant and discharges the same intosaid crank case, a condenser connected to said crank case, and a connection from I said condenser to said evaporator therebyto form a closed cycle system.

4. In a refrigerating system for utilizing a refrigerating solution, an evaporator having means for. concentratin said solution and providing a series ofbodies of the solution, a compressor having a higher pressure part and a lower pressure part,means permitting'said compressor to withdraw vapor from said evaporator along with concentrated solution and discharge both into said higher pressure part, a condenser connected to said higher pressure part, and a connection from said. condenser. to said eva form a closed cyc e system.

5. In a refrigerating system, of the closed cycle type arranged to o erate on the vaporgas principle and util zing a refrigerant into said higher pressure part, a condenser connected to said higher pressure part and a connection from said condenser to said evgporator. v lgned by me at Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, this 29th day of April, 1926.

msonw. DAVENPORT.- 

